ABSTRACT
Transgender care needs a multidisciplinary team approach. The awareness about transgender health has increased over the past few years in India. The pyramid of transgender health helps to demystify the care of transgender individuals. The 7 S's of lifestyle modification need to be followed in the routine clinical care of transgender individuals. The individuals also need psychological care and support, metabolic and medical care, endocrine management, and later surgery in some cases. The policy makers can use the pyramid to decide about financial help to the community for their holistic care. The physicians involved in the care of transgender individuals can also take guidance about comprehensive care and management of transgender and gender diverse individuals.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN El acceso a la salud para las personas trans ha sido históricamente obstaculizado por el estigma y la discriminación institucional. A pesar de los avances legales y sociales en materia de reconocimiento de derechos de los últimos años, todavía se identifican barreras para su efectivo cumplimiento. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir las principales barreras en la accesibilidad a los consultorios inclusivos (CI) y analizar las necesidades específicas de la población trans que se atiende en la provincia de Buenos Aires (PBA). MÉTODOS Se presenta un subanálisis de un estudio cualitativo más amplio realizado en 2017, cuyo objetivo fue relevar información sobre demandas sanitarias, accesibilidad y calidad de atención de los servicios de salud específicos para población de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y trans (LGBT) en ocho efectores de la PBA. La muestra fue intencional, conformada por 29 entrevistas semiestructuradas a referentes y profesionales y 2 grupos focales con masculinidades y feminidades trans, respectivamente. Se realizó un análisis temático. RESULTADOS Se identificaron barreras organizacionales y simbólicas, sobre todo en los CI que funcionan en hospitales. Entre las simbólicas, se evidencia la persistencia de prácticas patologizantes en salud mental. DISCUSIÓN Los CI brindan una respuesta satisfactoria, pero transitoria. Es necesario transversalizar la perspectiva de género a todas las intervenciones en salud.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Access to health for trans people has historically been hampered by institutional stigma and discrimination. Despite the legal and social advances achieved in recent years in terms of recognition of rights, barriers to effective enforcement are still identified. The objective of this work was to describe the main barriers to access inclusive healthcare services and analyze the specific needs of trans people receiving healthcare in the province of Buenos Aires (PBA). METHODS A subanalysis of a wider qualitative study conducted in 2017 is presented, its objective was to collect information on healthcare needs, accessibility and quality of care of health services specific for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population in eight healthcare providers of PBA. The sample was intentional, including 29 semi-structured interviews to social organization leaders and professionals, and 2 focus groups with trans masculinities and femininities, respectively. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Organizational and symbolic barriers were identified, especially in inclusive healthcare services functioning in hospitals. One of the symbolic ones was the persistence of pathologizing practices in mental healthcare. DISCUSSION Inclusive healthcare services provide a satisfactory, but temporary response. It is necessary to adopt a cross-cutting gender perspective for all healthcare interventions.
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Abstract On World Heart Day 2022, the Mexican Society of Cardiology, the Inter-American Society of Cardiology, and the World Heart Federation collaborated on a communication regarding the increased risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. This document, called the Tijuana Declaration, urged the global cardiovascular community to work toward understanding and mitigating this problem. This article aims to unpack the numerous factors that lead to it. An example is the social stigma faced by members of the TGD community, which leads to increased stress and risk for cardiovascular complications. TGD patients are also more likely to have insufficient access to health care, and those that do receive care are often faced with providers that are not adequately educated about the unique needs of their community. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that gender-affirming hormone therapies have an impact on cardiovascular health, but studies on this subject often have methodological concerns and contradictory findings. Decreasing the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in this community requires interventions such as educational reform in the medical community, an increase in research studies on this topic, and broader social initiatives intended to reduce the stigma faced by TGD individuals.
Resumen En el Día Mundial del Corazón 2022, la Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología, la Sociedad Interamericana de Cardiología y la Federación Mundial del Corazón colaboraron en una comunicación sobre el aumento del riesgo de resultados adversos para la salud cardiovascular en individuos transgénero y de género diverso (TGD). Este documento, conocido como la Declaración de Tijuana, instó a la comunidad cardiovascular global a trabajar en la comprensión y mitigación de este problema. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desentrañar los numerosos factores que lo provocan. Un ejemplo es el estigma social enfrentado por los miembros de la comunidad TGD, lo que conduce a un aumento del estrés y el riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. Los pacientes TGD también tienen más probabilidades de tener un acceso insuficiente a la atención médica, y aquellos que la reciben a menudo se enfrentan a proveedores que no están adecuadamente educados sobre las necesidades únicas de su comunidad. Finalmente, hay evidencia que sugiere que las terapias hormonales de afirmación de género tienen un impacto en la salud cardiovascular, pero los estudios sobre este tema a menudo tienen preocupaciones metodológicas y hallazgos contradictorios. Disminuir la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares adversos en esta comunidad requiere intervenciones como la reforma educativa en la comunidad médica, un aumento en los estudios de investigación sobre este tema e iniciativas sociales más amplias destinadas a reducir el estigma enfrentado por los individuos TGD.
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This communication visits the concept of therapeutic patient education (TPE), and explores its relevance to transgender health care. It suggests a novel term, therapeutic education (TE), and defines it as “educational activities essential to the optimization of health, offered by health care providers duly trained in the field of education, designed to help a transgender individual (or a group of individuals and their families) to manage their treatment and prevent avoidable complications, while maintaining or improving their quality of life. It describes the soft and hard skills required for TE, and suggests a classification that can help in structuring TE programs.
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Resumen La bibliografía especializada ha presentado objeciones éticas a la exclusión de las mujeres embarazadas en los ensayos clínicos y ha llamado a cambiar de paradigma. Aunque indudablemente se trata de una causa justa, esta iniciativa está vertebrada por una compren- sión cisnormativa del género y, por consiguiente, reproduce sus problemas. En este artículo breve desplegamos estos problemas, que incluyen el borramiento epistémico e institucional de las personas trans, aplicándonos particularmente a la investigación en salud y la clínica médica, y defendemos que las iniciativas de cambio de paradigma se verían beneficiadas si adoptaran una noción de género más robusta y empíricamente informada.
Resumo A literatura levantou objeções éticas à exclusão de mulheres grávidas de ensaios clínicos e exigiu uma mudança de paradigma. Embora seja sem dúvida uma causa justa, esta iniciativa é sustentada por uma compreensão cisnormativa do gênero e reproduz assim seus problemas. Neste breve artigo desdobramos estes problemas, que incluem o apagamento epis- têmico e institucional das pessoas trans, aplicando-se particularmente à pesquisa em saúde e à clínica médica, e argumentamos que iniciativas de mudança de paradigma se beneficiariam da adoção de uma noção de gênero mais robusta e empiricamente informada.
Abstract Specialized literature has raised ethical objections to the exclusion of pregnant women in clinical trials and has called for a paradigm shift. While undoubtedly a just cause, this initiative is rooted in a cisnormative understanding of gender and therefore reproduces its problems. In this brief article we unfold these problems, which include the epistemic and institutional erasure of trans people, applying particularly to health research and medical clinic, and argue that paradigm-shift initiatives would benefit from adopting a more robust and empirically informed notion of gender.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Ethics , Sexism , Transgender Persons , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
RESUMO O direito à saúde de transexuais e travestis vem sendo conquistado por meio de intensa mobilização social, resultando em políticas específicas para essa população. Apesar disso, observa-se desassistência a esse grupo, levando-o a desenhar itinerários terapêuticos fora da rede formal de atenção à saúde. Objetivouse apresentar e discutir os itinerários terapêuticos construídos por pessoas trans em Niterói por meio de suas redes sociais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, cujo cenário foi o Ambulatório de Atenção à Saúde da População Travesti e Transexual João W. Nery em Niterói/RJ. Participaram da pesquisa 20 transexuais usuários/as do ambulatório, moradores/as do município, que responderam à entrevista semiestruturada. Foram feitas também observações participantes. O tratamento dos dados foi efetuado por meio da análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Evidenciou-se que as redes sociais ampliaram a capacidade de produção de saúde, mobilizando e articulando relações familiares, de amizade, religiosidades, movimento estudantil e grupos universitários, além do movimento LGBTQIA+ no empoderamento e ressignificação dos projetos de vida e da própria expressão da identidade trans. Sugere-se que os serviços de saúde precisam conhecer e se articular às redes sociais para produzir um cuidado em saúde pautado pelos paradigmas da integralidade e dos direitos humanos.
ABSTRACT The rights of transgender people to health care has been achieved through intense social mobilization, resulting in specific policies for that population. But despite those policies, in general, there is a lack of assistance to this group regarding their health care, leading them to design different therapeutic itineraries in the search for health care assistance. In this article, we present the therapeutic itineraries built by the trans population in Niterói through their Social Networks. For that, a qualitative exploratory research was carried out at Ambulatório de Atenção à Saúde João W. Nery, in Niterói. Twenty transgender people who are cared for at the clinic and who live in the city participated. They answered a semi-structured interview script. Data treatment was carried out using the thematic-categorical content analysis. The research shows that Social Networks have expanded the capacity of health production, mobilizing family relationships, friendship, religiosity, student movement, and study groups at the university, in addition to the LGBTQIA+ social movement on the empowerment and resignification of life projects and the very expression of transgender identity. We suggest that health services need to know and articulate social networks to produce health care guided by the paradigms of integrality and human rights.